Deprivation (JSNAA)
What is deprivation?
In England, deprivation is measured using The Indices of Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). It is based on seven different domains of deprivation:
- Income Deprivation
- Employment Deprivation
- Education, Skills and Training Deprivation
- Health Deprivation and Disability
- Crime
- Barriers to Housing and Services
- Living Environment Deprivation Each of these domains is based on a basket
Combining information from the seven domains produces an overall relative measure of deprivation.
How is deprivation data used?
- National and local organisations use the Index of Multiple Deprivation, sometimes in conjunction with other data, to distribute funding or target resources to areas.
- It is widely used across central government to focus programmes on the most deprived areas.
- Locally, it is often used as evidence in the development of strategies, to target interventions, and in bids for funding.
- The voluntary and community sector also uses the Index, for example, to identify areas where people may benefit from the services they provide.
Deprivation and health
- Deprivation is a well-known correlation with health.
- The more deprived areas in England suffer from worse health outcomes across the Public Health Outcomes Framework.
- There is a gap of almost 20 years in the healthy life expectancies of those that live in the most and least deprived areas of England.
Deprivation in South Tyneside
- The IMD ranks each small area in England from 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived). Each small area has about 1,500 residents. Small area rankings are averaged to give local authority rankings.
- Across the 7 domains, South Tyneside has the following rankings (higher rankings indicate more deprivation and are out of 326 authorities):
- Income: 13th
- Employment: 3rd
- Education: 75th
- Health: 15th
- Crime: 69th
- Barriers: 266rd
- Living: 315th
- South Tyneside has 102 small community areas ranking from 305th out of 32,844 small areas in England to 31,929th. The higher the ranking, the more deprived.
- Go to a map of English IMD
Interpreting deprivation data
- Deprivations data is often given in quintiles (groups of 5) or deciles (groups of 10) with:
- 1 being the lowest and most deprived
- 5 or 10 being the highest and least deprived.
- IMD is a measurement of relative deprivation and not affluence. It can be used to compare two or more areas.
- Because methods for calculating deprivation change with each release (the previous score came out in 2010), scores between releases for the same area cannot be compared.
- A summary infographic on how IMD scores can and cannot be used can be viewed at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government: The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 (IoD2019) .
Additional resources
Due North: Report of the Inquiry on Health Equity for the North
IoD 2019 Interactive Dashboard
Last updated: October 2021